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Contents constraints allow you to embed one kind of encoding into another. A constraint on a BIT STRING or OCTET STRING type specifies either that the contents will be an encoding of a specified ASN.1 type, or that specified procedures will be used to produce and process the contents.
Ex1 shows how an OCTET STRING contains a PER INTEGER. The ENCODED BY field specifies the encoding rules used. Each of the encoding rules has an associated OBJECT IDENTIFIER (unaligned PER). Ex1 shows the OID inline; Ex2 shows it in a separate value referred to by the ENCODED BY.
Ex1 ::= OCTET STRING ( CONTAINING INTEGER ENCODED BY {joint-iso-itu-t(2) asn1(1) packed-encoding(3) basic(0) aligned(0)}) enc-PER-Aligned OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {joint-iso-itu-t(2) asn1(1) packed-encoding(3) basic(0) aligned(0)} Ex2 ::= BIT STRING ( CONTAINING IA5String (SIZE(0..8)) ENCODED BY enc-PER-Aligned)